The concept of the temporal creation of the universe in Islamic theology refers to the belief that the universe had a specific beginning in time and was brought into existence by Allah. This view aligns with the fundamental Islamic principle that Allah is the sole creator of everything that exists, creating the universe from nothing (ex nihilo). 

Here are some key aspects of this belief:

1. Creation by Divine Will: The temporal creation asserts that the universe and everything within it were intentionally created by Allah’s command. The Quran describes the process of creation with phrases like “Be, and it is” (Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:117), which emphasize the power and will of Allah in bringing the universe into existence.
2. Finite Time: Islamic theology posits that the universe is not eternal but has a definite beginning. This corresponds with the cosmological notion that the universe’s temporal nature is distinct from Allah’s eternal and timeless existence.
3. Quranic References: The Quran contains numerous verses that describe the creation of the heavens and the earth. Surah Al-Anbiya (21:30) states, “Do not the unbelievers see that the heavens and the earth were joined together, then We split them apart? And We made from water every living thing. Then will they not believe?” Such verses highlight the concept of an ordered and purposeful act of creation by Allah.
4. Contrast with Eternalism: The belief in the temporal creation contrasts with philosophical or theological views that assert the eternal existence of the universe. Islamic scholars have historically debated these ideas, with the temporal creation view being the orthodox stance aligning with Tawhid (the oneness of God).
5. Philosophical and Scientific Perspectives: Islamic philosophers, like Al-Ghazali, addressed the idea of the universe’s temporal creation in their critiques of Greek philosophy, particularly in rejecting the notion of an eternal universe. Today, this belief is seen to have some alignment with modern scientific theories such as the Big Bang, which suggests that the universe had a beginning.
6. Divine Sovereignty and Purpose: Belief in the temporal creation underscores Allah’s sovereignty and purposeful design in the universe. It implies that the universe is subject to divine laws and governance, and it is meaningful and purposeful, reflecting the wisdom and creativity of Allah.
7. Humanity’s Role: The temporal creation serves to remind humans of their place within the universe as part of Allah’s creation, entrusted with responsibilities and stewardship over the earth.

In essence, the concept of the temporal creation of the universe emphasizes Allah’s role as the sovereign creator and the finite nature of the universe, contrasting with Allah’s eternal and uncreated existence. This belief is foundational to understanding the relationship between the Creator and the creation in Islamic thought.

Written by AI. A more correct, God given, explanation can be found here.