Defeat is mentioned in the Quran in these verses:

[2:249] When Saul took command of the troops, he said, “God is putting you to the test by means of a stream. Anyone who drinks from it does not belong with me – only those who do not taste it belong with me – unless it is just a single sip.” They drank from it, except a few of them. When he crossed it with those who believed, they said, “Now we lack the strength to face Goliath and his troops.” Those who were conscious of meeting God said, “Many a small army defeated a large army by God’s leave. God is with those who steadfastly persevere.”

[2:250] When they faced Goliath and his troops, they prayed, “Our Lord, grant us steadfastness, strengthen our foothold, and support us against the disbelieving people.”

[2:251] They defeated them by God’s leave, and David killed Goliath. God gave him kingship and wisdom, and taught him as He willed. If it were not for God’s support of some people against others, there would be chaos on earth. But God showers His grace upon the people.

[3:12] Say to those who disbelieve, “You will be defeated, then gathered in Hell; what a miserable abode!”

[3:140] If you suffer hardship, the enemy also suffers the same hardship. We alternate the days of victory and defeat among the people. God thus distinguishes the true believers, and blesses some of you with martyrdom. God dislikes injustice.

[3:152] God has fulfilled His promise to you, and you defeated them by His leave. But then you wavered, disputed among yourselves, and disobeyed after He had shown you (the victory) you had longed for. But then, some of you became distracted by the spoils of this world, while others were rightly concerned with the Hereafter. He then diverted you from them to test you. He has pardoned you. God showers the believers with His grace.

[3:160] If God supports you, none can defeat you. And if He abandons you, who else can support you? In God the believers shall trust.

[5:52] You will see those who harbor doubt in their hearts hasten to join them, saying, “We fear lest we may be defeated.” May God bring victory, or a command from Him, that causes them to regret their secret thoughts.

[7:18] He said, “Get out therefrom, despised and defeated. Those among them who follow you, I will fill Hell with you all.

[7:119] They were defeated then and there; they were humiliated.

[8:7] Recall that God promised you victory over a certain group, but you still wanted to face the weaker group. It was God’s plan to establish the truth with His words, and to defeat the disbelievers.

[8:36] Those who disbelieve spend their money to repel others from the way of God. They will spend it, then it will turn into sorrow and remorse for them. Ultimately, they will be defeated, and all disbelievers will be summoned to Hell.

[8:48] The devil had adorned their works in their eyes, and said, “You cannot be defeated by any people today,” and “I will be fighting along with you.” But as soon as the two armies faced each other, he turned back on his heels and fled, saying, “I disown you. I see what you do not see. I am afraid of God. God’s retribution is awesome.”

[8:65] O you prophet, you shall exhort the believers to fight. If there are twenty of you who are steadfast, they can defeat two hundred, and a hundred of you can defeat a thousand of those who disbelieved. That is because they are people who do not understand.

[8:66] Now (that many new people have joined you) God has made it easier for you, for He knows that you are not as strong as you used to be. Henceforth, a hundred steadfast believers can defeat two hundred, and a thousand of you can defeat two thousand by God’s leave. God is with those who steadfastly persevere.

[17:7] “If you work righteousness, you work righteousness for your own good, but if you commit evil you do so to your own detriment. Thus, when the second time comes to pass, they will defeat you and enter the masjid, just as they did the first time. They will wipe out all the gains you had accomplished.”

[17:18] Anyone who chooses this fleeting life as his priority, we will rush to him what we decide to give him, then we commit him to Gehenna, where he suffers forever, despised and defeated.

[17:39] This is some of the wisdom inspired to you by your Lord. You shall not set up another god beside God, lest you end up in Gehenna, blamed and defeated.

[18:56] We only send the messengers as simply deliverers of good news, as well as warners. Those who disbelieve argue with falsehood to defeat the truth, and they take My proofs and warnings in vain.

[21:18] Instead, it is our plan to support the truth against falsehood, in order to defeat it. Woe to you for the utterances you utter.

[30:2] Certainly, the Romans will be defeated.

[30:3] In the nearest land. After their defeat, they will rise again and win.

[38:11] Instead, whatever forces they can muster – even if all their parties banded together – will be defeated.

[40:5] Disbelieving before them were the people of Noah, and many other opponents after them. Every community persecuted their messenger to neutralize him. And they argued with falsehood, to defeat the truth. Consequently, I punished them; how terrible was My retribution!

[48:12] You secretly believed that the messenger and the believers will be defeated and never come back to their families, and this was firmly established in your hearts. You harbored evil thoughts and turned into wicked people.

[48:21] As for the group that you could not possibly defeat, God took care of them; God is Omnipotent.

[54:45] All of them will be defeated; they will turn around and flee.

[58:5] Surely, those who fight God and His messenger are committed to defeat, like their previous counterparts were committed to defeat. We have sent down clear proofs, and the rejectors have incurred a shameful retribution.

[59:7] Whatever God restored to His messenger from the (defeated) communities shall go to God and His messenger (in the form of a charity). You shall give it to the relatives, the orphans, the poor, and the traveling alien. Thus, it will not remain monopolized by the strong among you. You may keep the spoils given to you by the messenger, but do not take what he enjoins you from taking. You shall reverence God. God is strict in enforcing retribution.

[70:41] to substitute better people in your place; we can never be defeated.

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