Qadar (Arabic: قدر), often translated as Divine Decree or Predestination, is a fundamental concept in Islam that refers to Allah’s absolute knowledge, will, and power over everything that occurs in the universe.
The Meaning of Qadar
In Islamic theology, Qadar means that Allah has preordained everything that happens, including the choices and actions of individuals, in accordance with His eternal knowledge and wisdom. It encompasses the belief that nothing occurs outside of Allah’s will and control.
The Four Aspects of Qadar
Islamic scholars explain Qadar through four interconnected aspects:
- Allah’s Eternal Knowledge:
- Allah’s knowledge is perfect, eternal, and encompasses everything: past, present, and future. He knows all that has happened, is happening, and will happen, including people’s intentions and choices.
- “Indeed, Allah is Knowing of all things.” (Quran 58:7)
- Writing in the Preserved Tablet (Al-Lawh al-Mahfuz):
- Everything that will occur is written in the Preserved Tablet, as decreed by Allah.
- “Do you not know that Allah knows what is in the heaven and earth? Indeed, this is in a Record. Indeed, that is easy for Allah.” (Quran 22:70)
- Allah’s Will:
- Nothing happens except by Allah’s will and permission. This includes the actions of human beings and the natural events in the universe.
- “And you do not will except that Allah wills.” (Quran 76:30)
- Creation of All Things:
- Allah is the Creator of everything, including human actions. While humans make choices, their capacity to act and the circumstances surrounding their actions are created by Allah.
- “Allah is the Creator of all things, and He is, over all things, Disposer of affairs.” (Quran 39:62)
Human Free Will and Qadar
A common question arises: If Allah has already decreed everything, do humans have free will?
Islam teaches that:
- Humans have free will:
- People have the ability to choose between right and wrong. This free will is a test, and individuals are held accountable for their choices.
- “And say, ‘The truth is from your Lord, so whoever wills—let him believe; and whoever wills—let him disbelieve.’” (Quran 18:29)
- Allah’s knowledge does not negate free will:
- Allah’s foreknowledge of events does not force humans to act in a certain way. Instead, He knows what choices individuals will freely make.
- Actions are within Allah’s decree:
- While humans have the ability to act, the outcomes of their actions are ultimately under Allah’s control.
Wisdom Behind Qadar
- Trust in Allah:
- Belief in Qadar fosters reliance on Allah and helps Muslims accept life’s challenges and uncertainties.
- “Say, ‘Never will we be struck except by what Allah has decreed for us; He is our protector.’” (Quran 9:51)
- Contentment and Patience:
- Knowing that Allah’s decree is based on His wisdom and justice helps believers remain patient in hardship and grateful in ease.
- Accountability:
- Although everything is decreed by Allah, humans are responsible for their choices, as they act with free will.
- Unity and Balance:
- Belief in Qadar prevents excessive worry about the future or regret about the past, encouraging Muslims to focus on their efforts and trust Allah with the outcomes.
Misunderstandings about Qadar
- Fatalism:
- Some may wrongly assume that Qadar means humans are powerless and should not take initiative. Islam rejects this view, encouraging believers to strive for good while trusting in Allah’s plan.
- Blaming Allah for Sin:
- Humans cannot blame Allah for their sins or failures. They are accountable for their choices, as Allah does not compel anyone to disobey.
Conclusion
Qadar is a profound concept that reflects Allah’s infinite knowledge, power, and wisdom. It assures believers that everything happens for a reason, as part of Allah’s perfect plan. While acknowledging Allah’s control, humans are encouraged to act responsibly, make righteous choices, and trust in Allah’s decree. Belief in Qadar inspires patience, gratitude, and a sense of peace in the face of life’s trials.
Written by AI. A more correct, God given, explanation can be found here.