The Barelvi movement is a Sunni Muslim revivalist movement that originated in South Asia in the late 19th century. It focuses on traditional Islamic beliefs and practices, emphasizing the veneration of the Prophet Muhammad and adherence to the devotional and mystical aspects of Islam. 

Here are key aspects of the Barelvi movement:

1. Founding and Origins:
   • The Barelvi movement was founded by Ahmed Raza Khan (1856–1921), a prominent Islamic scholar from Bareilly, a city in present-day Uttar Pradesh, India. The movement takes its name from his birthplace.
   • Ahmed Raza Khan sought to defend and preserve traditional Sunni Islamic practices against what he perceived as the reformist and puritanical interpretations of Islam promoted by movements like Deobandism and the Ahl-i-Hadith.
2. Core Beliefs and Practices:
   • The Barelvi movement places a strong emphasis on the love and veneration of the Prophet Muhammad, considering him a central figure in the practice of Islam. They encourage celebrating his birthday (Mawlid) and visiting his shrine in Medina.
   • The movement also upholds the importance of Sufi practices, including the veneration of saints, participation in spiritual gatherings, recitations (dhikr), and the use of devotional poetry to express spiritual love and longing.
   • It follows the Hanafi school of jurisprudence and firmly supports traditional interpretations and practices.
3. Opposition to Reformist Movements:
   • The Barelvis have historically been critical of movements like the Deobandis and Wahhabis, which they view as overly rationalistic and austere in their interpretation of Islam.
   • They argue for a more inclusive approach to Islamic practice that respects local customs and cultural expressions of faith, provided these do not contradict core Islamic principles.
4. Social and Political Influence:
   • The Barelvi movement has a substantial following in South Asia, including Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh, where it is a significant religious and social force.
   • Barelvis have also been involved in political and social activism, advocating for policies that align with their religious beliefs.
5. Cultural and Religious Practices:
   • Celebrations of religious festivals, the use of naats (poetry in praise of the Prophet), and the maintenance of shrines of saints (pirs) are integral aspects of Barelvi cultural and religious life.
6. Contemporary Relevance:
   • The Barelvi movement continues to play an influential role in shaping religious discourse and practices in South Asia, promoting religious education through its network of madrassas and seminaries.

The Barelvi movement represents a significant strand of Sunni Islam in South Asia, known for its emphasis on the spiritual, devotional, and cultural expressions of Islam, and it continues to influence millions of Muslims in the region and beyond.

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