Islamic reform movements in the 18th century sought to renew Islamic practices, combat moral decay, and respond to colonial challenges by returning to the Quran and Sunnah.

Key Aspects of Islamic Reform Movements:

1. Wahhabism: Founded by Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab in Arabia, it emphasized monotheism and purging un-Islamic practices.
2. Sufi Reforms: Movements like the Tijaniyya and Qadiriyya sought to purify Sufi practices while retaining their spiritual essence.
3. Resistance to Colonialism: Reform movements often became platforms for resisting European colonization.

Importance of Islamic Reform Movements:

• Revitalized Islamic thought and practice.
• Addressed challenges posed by modernity and colonialism.
• Fostered unity and identity among Muslims.

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